home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
/
TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
/
1990
/
90
/
jul_sep
/
07090219.000
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-02-27
|
4KB
|
96 lines
<text>
<title>
(Jul. 09, 1990) East Germans:Compromised By A Lie
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
July 09, 1990 Abortion's Most Wrenching Questions
The Reunification of Germany
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
GERMANY, Page 75
Compromised by a Gigantic Lie
</hdr>
<body>
<p>When a hesitant East Germany decides the fate of its former
rulers, who should do the judging?
</p>
<p> After the communist regime headed by Erich Honecker
collapsed late last year, East Germans were appalled by what
they discovered about the lavishly bourgeois life-style that
the ousted party boss and his cronies had enjoyed at their
well-guarded compound in the Berlin suburb of Wandlitz.
Nonetheless, the new leaders in East Berlin have been slow to
take legal steps against their predecessors, mainly because
they have yet to resolve two difficult but related ethical
issues: Who should be judged? Who should do the judging?
</p>
<p> Both questions arise from the fact that virtually everyone
in East Germany cooperated with, or was compromised by, the
enforcing agencies of a totalitarian state. Some 2.3 million
people--effectively, the elite--were members of the
Socialist Unity Party, the communists. Then there were the
85,000 full-time employees of the Ministry for State Security
(Stasi), as well as its 109,000 still mostly anonymous
informers. Finally, thousands of journalists, judges, mayors and
policemen gave at least lip service to what they knew to be
a gigantic lie.
</p>
<p> "We cannot decommunize a whole society overnight," says
Friedrich Magirius, superintendent of Leipzig's Protestant
churches, who notes that East Germany was "a typical
dictatorship in which anybody who wanted to achieve something,
to climb professionally, had to adapt." Hans Meyer, a law
professor at the University of Frankfurt, argues that in East
Germany the line between victim and criminal was perilously
thin. "Very often," he says, "a person will have resisted in one
respect but helped the regime in another."
</p>
<p> Some commentators argue that just as West Germany had to
live with the shame of the Nazi years, it is now the East's
turn to expiate collective guilt. Margarete Mitscherlich, a
Frankfurt psychoanalyst, rejects that equation. "The Stasi is
not the Gestapo, and Honecker is not Hitler," she says.
"Whatever one can say about the Stasi, we are not now
confronted with Auschwitz as we were after Hitler." Another
Frankfurt law professor, Erhard Denninger, agrees that
comparisons with the Nazi era are inexact. "The Nuremberg
trials dealt with crimes against humanity and genocide," he
argues. "You can't charge the communist regime in East Germany
with anything like that."
</p>
<p> Treason charges against Honecker were dropped last March.
Nonetheless, the ousted leader, who is receiving treatment for
kidney cancer at a Soviet hospital in East Germany, is still
under investigation for corruption and abuse of power. Late
last month new potential charges surfaced: East German Interior
Minister Peter-Michael Diestel announced that Honecker had
given safe haven to Red Army Faction terrorists. Honecker and
a few senior officials may eventually stand trial, but the vast
majority of party members seem unlikely to suffer much. For
example, Diestel has hired back, as an act of "Christian
charity," 12,000 former State Security employees who had been
fired by a citizens' committee set up to dismantle the agency.
</p>
<p> A further irony is that some 700 of those clerks have been
placed in charge of the agency's voluminous dossiers. "Only
they know how to find things," explains Werner Fischer,
chairman of the citizens' committee. Some Germans want to
preserve the files as a valuable historical archive. Fischer
wants to see them destroyed on the ground that they could serve
as a source of leaks and blackmail. "I am in charge of it,"
Fischer says, "but I don't want to see it. What if you find out
about friends who informed on you? What if you find out that
your wife was having an affair? Some things are better not
known."
</p>
<p>By John Elson. Reported by Andreas Gutzeit/Frankfurt and James
O. Jackson/Leipzig.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>